Industrial+Revolution




 * Industrial Revolution- ** burst of major inventions and economic inventions that took place in certain industries such as cotton, textiles, iron. Britain led the way in industrialization and dominated 20 percent of the world traded goods.


 * spinning jenny- ** simple, inexpensive hand powered machine created by James Hargreaves. (used to spin textiles)


 * water frame- ** had capacity of several hundred spindles using water power (obviously needed to be placed near a moving water source) it therefore required a larger specialized mill- a factory. Created by Richard Arkwright.


 * body linen- ** The improvements in the textile industry (spinning jenny, water frame, and new textile weaver) enabled factories to produce more cloth faster and cheaper. Because the cloth was cheaper and factories were becoming increasingly common, body linens were cheaper to buy for the entire population.


 * Steam Engine- ** made better by James Watt by adding a condenser. Used to power factories and was a more efficient and reliable source of energy.


 * Coke- ** a highly efficient and practically unlimited fuel source made from coal. It was far superior to charcoal, which was the previous fuel of choice in industrial furnaces


 * Rocket- ** Created by George Stephenson, this was the first locomotive. It was tested from Liverpool to Manchester, two of the most industrialized cities in all of Great Britain. The Rocket traveled a stunning 16 miles per hour.

** Crystal **** Palace- ** Made entirely of glass and steel, the Crystal Palace was the location of the Great Exhibition in 1851. The industrialized products sold in Great Britain were displayed at this event, showing the other less-advanced European countries how impressive and powerful Great Britain was.


 * Iron Law of Wages- ** This was the theory proposed by English economist David Ricardo. It suggested that the pressure of population growth prevents wages from rising above the subsistence level.


 * economic nationalism- ** policies aimed at protecting and developing a countries economy


 * tariff protection- ** stimulates home economy by raising the import tax on imports.


 * class-consciousness ** - During the Industrial Revolution, individuals became more aware of their class differentials among difference social groups.


 * Luddites - ** a group of handicraft workers who attacked whole factories in northern England in 1812, because of machines that did hard work of skilled workers, which eliminated the need for handicraft workers, which were replaced by less-skilled workers.


 * Factory Act of 1833 ** - Act passed by parliament that limited the workday of children age nine through thirteen to eight hours a day, the workday of children fourteen though eighteen to twelve hours a day, and children under nine were required to attend elementary schools.


 * Combination Acts - ** Similar to Act 10 of the year 2012; This law prevented collective bargaining by British Workers.


 * Grand National Consolidated Trades Union - **


 * James Watt - ** added condenser to steam engine. making it much more efficient and therefore more effective as an engine.


 * Zollverein- ** customs union among the separate German states, trade without tariffs


 * Friedrich Engels ** - wrote //condition of the working class in england//.